Process and Equipment Food Crops
Cultivation of food crops done on a stretch of land. Cultivation techniques used largely determines the success of cultivation. Below is a set of processes and techniques of cultivation of food crops.
1. Land Management
Land preparation is done to prepare the land until it is ready for planting. Processing is done by plowed or dug up and crushed until crumbly. Piracy can be done in the traditional way or mechanization.
Standard land preparation
a. Land farmers who used to be free of contamination by toxic waste.
b. Land preparation / planting medium well done so that the structure of the soil became loose
and beraerasi well so that the roots can develop optimally.
c. Land preparation should prevent the surface soil erosion,
land sliding, and or damage to land resources.
d. Land preparation is an integral part of efforts to conserve land resources
as well as sanitary measures and land recovery.
e. If necessary, land preparation accompanied by liming, addition of material
organic, improvement of soil (soil amelioration), and or soil fertility improvement techniques.
f. Land preparation can be done manually or by means of agricultural machinery.
2. Preparation and Planting Seeds
Seeds to be planted has been prepared in advance. Generally, seed crops are planted directly without preceded by seeding, except for rice cultivation in paddy fields. Choose seeds that have vigor (seed traits) as well as planting in accordance with the recommended spacing for each type of crop! Seeds planted by ditugal (perforation on the ground) according to the recommended planting distance for each crop.
Standard planting
a. Planting the seed or plant material is done by following cultivation techniques
recommended in terms of plant spacing and seed requirement per hectare adjusted
with speci c requirements for each type of plant, varieties and planting purposes.
b. Planting is done at the appropriate planting season or in accordance with
planting schedules in the management of crop production is concerned.
c. At the time of planting, it is anticipated that the plant does not suffer from drought stress,
'Flooded, stagnant, or other abiotic stress factors.
d. To avoid pest attack in endemic areas and explosive, seeds or materials
plants can be given appropriate treatment before planting. Is recording
planting dates in the workbook, in order to facilitate the maintenance schedule,
replanting, harvesting, and other things. If the seeds have a label, the label should be kept.
3. Fertilization
Fertilization aims to provide enough nutrients for plant growth and development. Fertilization is done after the seeds are planted. Fertilizer can be given once at planting or at planting partly given and partly in a few weeks after planting. Therefore, proper fertilization should be done either way, the type, dose and time of application.
Standard fertilization
a. Timely, which are applied according to the needs, stadia grow
plants, as well as field conditions are right.
b. Right dose, the amount given in accordance with the advice / recommendation speci c location.
c. Exactly how the application, which is tailored to the type of fertilizer, crop and field conditions.
Fertilizer application refers to the results of analysis of soil fertility and crop needs conducted by the Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP) local:
a. Spraying liquid fertilizer on the plant canopy (foliar sprays) should not be left
residues of hazardous chemicals at the time the plants are harvested.
b. Giving priority to the use of organic fertilizers and tailored to the needs of plants
and the physical condition of the soil.
c. The use of fertilizers should not result in water pollution
raw (reservoirs, lakes, ponds, ponds), or groundwater and water resources.
d. Should not use human sewage are not given treatment.
4. Maintenance
Maintenance activities include stitching, watering, and Pembumbunan. Watering is done to keep the soil moist. Stitching is planting back to replace the seeds that do not grow or grow abnormally. Pembumbunan done to close the base of the stem to the ground. Standard maintenance of plant
a. Food crops must be maintained according to the characteristics and needs of the plant that specimen k
can grow and produce optimally and produce high-quality food products.
b. Plants should be kept protected from interference livestock, animal
wild, and / or other animals.
5. Control of the pest (pest organisms)
Pest control should be adjusted to the level of attack. Pest control can be done manually or with pesticides. If the use of pesticides, control should be done with the right kind, right quality, right dose, right concentration / dose, right time, right on target (the target pest and commodity), as well as the appropriate ways and means of application.
The use of pesticides should be made to benefit the sebesarnya with the smallest impact. The use of pesticides must conform to the following standards.
a. Use of pesticides meet the 6 (six) precise criteria and comply with the standard
Other accordance with the "General Guidelines for Use of Pesticides", the exact kind, quality,
right dose, right concentration / dose, right time, right on target (the target pest and commodity),
as well as the appropriate ways and means of application.
b. Minimal use of pesticides sought leave residue on the results
harvest, in accordance with the "Joint Decree of the Minister of Health and Minister of Agriculture
No. 881 / Menkes / SKB / VIII / 1996 and 771 / Kpts / TP.270 / 8/1996 concerning Limit
Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products ".
c. Petisida prioritize the use of biological, biodegradable pesticide and pesticide
do not leave residues on the crop, as well as less harmful pesticides
to humans and friendly lilngkungan.
d. The use of pesticides does not have a negative impact on the health of workers
(eg by using protective clothing) or a pesticide applicator.
e. The use of pesticides does not cause negative impacts on the environment
especially against the soil and aquatic biota.
f. Procedures for pesticide application must follow the rules stated on the label.
g. Pesticide residue harmful to humans should not be applied before harvest
and at harvest.
Based on pest control standards, the recording of the use of pesticides should be done.
a. Pesticide use was recorded the type, timing, dose, concentration, and how the application.
b. Each pesticide should always be noted that include the pesticide name, location,
date of application, the name of the distributor / kiosk, and the name of sprayers (operators).
c. Note the use of pesticides are used minimally 3 years.
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